Análise de modos de falhas e seus efeitos: um estudo das interrupções no fornecimento de energia elétrica na rede de distribuição de Vitória da Conquista

Abstract

The electricity supply faces several challenges throughout the generation, transmission, and distribution system, including environmental factors, equipment failures, and third-party actions. These failures economically impact both utilities and consumers, highlighting the need for detailed studies on the causes of interruptions. In this context, this study aims to apply the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method to identify and prioritize the main causes of interruptions in the distribution network of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, from 2021 to 2023. The methodology included the collection of historical data from ANEEL, the application of the Pareto Principle to select the most critical causes, and the analysis of components with the greatest impact on the system using FMEA. The results showed that material failures, lightning discharges, vegetation, and animals were responsible for approximately 80% of the interruptions. Based on the analyses carried out, it was possible to identify which interruption causes generate the greatest impact on the distribution network, as well as to detail, by component, how each one can be affected by the analyzed causes. The risk index assignment allowed the identification of the main offenders in the distribution system failures of Vitória da Conquista, providing a solid basis for improving the system’s reliability