Técnicas de extração, composição química e atividades biológicas dos óleos essenciais de maior interesse econômico no Brasi

Abstract

In this work, bibliographic research was carried out on essential oil extraction techniques to obtain better yield and less use of reagents and, at the same time, a review and comparison of the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of greater economic interest in Brazil. Given this, it was possible to show that the so-called green and hybrid extraction techniques are the alternatives that collaborate to increase the efficiency of essential oil production, being even more sustainable. In addition, the main plants used to extract the five most traded volatile oils in the country were identified: lemon (Citrus limon), eucalyptus (E. globulus, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, and E. staigeriana), orange (Citrus Sinensis), peppermint (Mentha piperita) and Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis). Thus, through the specialized literature, a survey of research and study data regarding the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils was carried out, selecting the most up-to-date articles that met the subjects of interest. Thus, a total of 98 chemical compounds were identified, these being mainly secondary metabolites belonging to the terpenoid classes (monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids) and phenylpropanoids. Studies were also found noting different biological activities in essential oils, of which we can highlight the activities: antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and insecticide. Essential oils are of great importance with a huge production margin and, due to the vast wealth and biological diversity of Brazil, combined with favorable climatic conditions, have a high potential to be explored, therefore, the study of these and new metabolites contribute to scientific and economic development. nation's sustainability