A Indicação Geográfica e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável: Uma Análise da Produção Científica Mundial e da Indicação de Procedência Sul da Bahia à Luz dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS)

Abstract

Geographical Indication, an Industrial Property asset regulated by Federal Law No. 9.279/96, comprises the modalities of Indication of Origin and Denomination of Origin, with the aim of valuing products and processes linked to specific territories, promoting sustainable territorial development. However, there is a gap in the evaluation of the impacts of GIs in Brazil, especially in the state of Bahia. In view of this, this study seeks to assess the economic, social and environmental impacts of the Indicatio n of Origin for cocoa beans located in the south of Bahia, in convergence with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. To achieve this objective, the research adopted an applied and exploratory approach, based on three main methodologies. The first stage involved bibliometric research, identifying scientific production on GI and Sustainable Development. The second used the snowball methodology to map data on cocoa production in the region, collecting information from producers, specialists and sector organizations. The third stage applied Embrapa Uva e Vinho's Methodology for Evaluating Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts for Geographical Indications, which was used to analyze the progress and challenges of GIs in the region. The results revealed a growth in scientific production on GIs, especially related to environmental conservation and cultural valorization, but also highlighted the scarcity of research in Brazil. The analysis of cocoa production indicated that harvest peaks occur in July and November, concentrated in 12 of the 83 municipalities studied. The evaluation of impacts, based on interviews with producers, pointed to moderately positive evaluations, such as increased revenue, land appreciation and greater environmental concern. However, the study also identified limitations in the effective impact of the GI, either due to the low use of the seal, or due to the favorable economic conditions of cocoa sales in recent years, which have reduced the perception of the need for certification. In this way, the research reinforces the need for public policies and strategies to strengthen the GI in order to maximize its benefits for sustainable development in southern Bahia.